How Vital Risk Management Is An Organization - 2552 Words

Abstract This paper reflects meta-analysis of how vital risk management is to an association. Additionally distinguished are those events or issues that emerge during the course of an engagement that may affect the successful outcome of the project. This paper closes with showing new headings to highlight the steps included in diminishing the dangers that present themselves when arranging an IT anticipate. Keywords: IT, management, organization, planning, project, risk, technology 2. Introduction 2.1 IT Project Management IT project management is the methodology of planning, organizing and delineating responsibility for the completion of organizations specific information technology goals. As per the†¦show more content†¦2.2 Definition of Risk Project risk is defined by PMI as an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on a project s objectives . A Risk can be virtually anything. It can be the upcoming implementation of an activity that has never been performed before and therefore the outcome or duration is very uncertain. It can be the potential loss of a key project personnel resource to another project. It can be the unknown status of funding from the customer side for an upcoming phase of the project. It can be the use of a new technology for the overall solution or for accomplishing specific tasks on the project. 2.3 Risk Management According to project Management Tips, â€Å"Risk management is the organized process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to project Risk. It includes maximizing the probability and consequences of positive events and minimizing the probability and consequences of adverse events to project objectives.† Essentially, risk management can occurs anytime, when an investor or a project manager analyzes to compute the possible reason for losses in an investment and then takes the appropriate action (or inaction) given their investment objectives and risk forbearance. 2.4 IT Project Risk Management IT project risk management is therefore, the process of identifying, mitigating, and controlling these known risks, in order to increase the probability of meeting project objectives thus increasing the

Organizational Management Essay - 973 Words

Complete Case Study on page 153 of textbook (Boeing). Specifically answer the two questions at the end of the case study. Select one or more diagnostic models that you believe provide a framework that succinctly identifies the key factors at the center of the Boeing situation. Explain your choice of model. The diagnostic model that I found the most relative to the Boeing situation is the 7 –S Framework. After reviewing the 7-S Framework; I immediately saw some fundamental similarities in the diversification changes that were made in an attempt to revive Boeing. One supporting point came from the following list; Palmer, Dunford, and Akin (2009). Burk identifies five ways in which organizational models can be useful: 1. By†¦show more content†¦Boeing took a dramatic turn after a manufacturing crisis which required immediate change in all the areas that the 7-S model represents in Figure 5.2 on (p. 125); for instance * Structure – new CEO * Overall strategy – production and operation changes * Systems – updated technologies * Style- the vendor supplier relationships need to be revamped * Staff- at all levels, especially surround the acquisition of McDonnell Douglas There so many other aspects, I think could be examined closer and discussed further; however, the ones presented here; support my assumptions surrounding the 7-S Model being a good diagnosis model in the Boeing case study. Complete Case Study on page 183 of the textbook (Problems at Perrier). Specifically answer two questions at the end of the case study. The first question asks, to identify the key elements of the resistance to change described in this situation. 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Business Law Annetts v Australian Stations †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Law Annetts v Australian Stations (2002). Answer: Introduction In the case of Annetts v Australian Station (2002) 211 CLR 317 acts as a leading matter in the cases related to psychiatric injury, under the tort of negligence and the resultant injuries. In this case, the duty of care which the defendant owed towards the son of the plaintiff, which led to the death of the son, owing to the mental harm was evaluated by the court. The defendant was alleged to have breached his duty of care, which resulted in psychiatric injury to the plaintiff, which was deemed as the plaintiff being harmed. However, in this case, the claims of thee plaintiff were rejected by the court of law (Sappideen, 2009). In the following parts, the case from the perspective of defendant has been analyzed and the decision of the court, along with the rationale behind reaching this decision has been covered. But before initiating the discussion of the defendants arguments, the facts of the case have been highlighted. Facts of the Case The son of applicants, James Annetts, in August of 1986, left his family home in NSW and went to work for the defendant in Western Australia. He was of sixteen at that time (Quizlet, 2017). The mother of James had, before he left to work for the defendant, called him and asked him about the conditions on which James was supposed to work. She was told that James would be working at the Flora Valley and that he would be under constant supervision, that he would be well looked after and would be sharing room with other men (Federation Press, 2017). Even though the assurances were given, Lodger assigned James on October 13th 1986 to work alone as the Nicholson Stations caretaker, which was located hundred kilometers away from where he was promised to be working, i.e., Flora Valley, where he actually worked only for seven weeks. The defendant came to know of the disappearance of the respondent on December 03rd 1986 and he had reasons to suspect that he was in great danger of dying or getting injured. Until December 06th 1986, the plaintiff was not made aware about their son being missing. One of the NSW police officers called the father of James and informed him that James had ran away. Since the father collapsed hearing this news, the mother continued this conversation. After a lot of search for James, through a skeleton he was identified on April 29th 1987. Later on the parties came to know that James had died on December 04th 1986 due to dehydration, hypothermia and exhaustion in Gibson dessert (Federation Press, 2017). The pl aintiff blamed the negligence of defendant for the death of their son. Along with this, they also made a case for the psychiatric injury caused to them when they learned about the death of their son (Health Law Central, 2017). Defendants arguments First and foremost, the defendant would like to offer their condolences to the family for their grave loss. We would like to confirm that the applicant had indeed made certain inquires regarding the agents or servants under the ensuing arrangement, specially pertaining to her sons safety and we had assured the plaintiff that their son would be properly taken care of. However, the defendant would like to highlight that they had taken steps to locate James as soon as they doubted that he might be in danger. A claim has been made against the defendant for the negligence on their part. In order to show that the defendant was not negligent, the basics of negligence have to be revisited. To establish a case of negligence, certain elements are required to be present (Harvey and Marston, 2009). These include a duty of care, its contravention, resulting loss, foreseeability of loss, causation and losses not being too remote (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). The duty of care can be established with the help of the three fold test given in Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 (E-Law Resources, 2017). In this case, the House of Lords stated that in order to establish a duty of care, there has to be a reasonable foreseeability in the risk of harm, there has to be proximity between the parties and the penalties imposed have to be such which can be deemed as reasonable, fair and just (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). In this particular instance, the defendant would like to highlight that the duty of care was not owed by defendant to the plaintiff. This is because there is no direct link between the plaintiff and the defendant. The psychiatric injury was not something, which could have been foreseeable in a reasonable manner by the plaintiff. The psychiatric injury did not have a direct causation with the negligence or actions of defendant. Hence, the imposed penalties cannot be just. So a duty of care was not present towards the plaintiff (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100futher affirms this point. In this case, the manufacturer, due to the reasons of being the producer of the product had a duty of care towards the plaintiff and even the presence of dead snail made the losses foreseeable (Latimer, 2012). The defendant in the case of Annetts v Australian Station could never have known that news of the death of son could cause psychiatric injury to the plaintiff and the same was not foreseeable as no one could have predicted that James would die. Hence, a duty of care was not present in the given case. Another point which the defendant would like to raise is that there was negligence on part of the defendant themselves. This is evident from the fact that they sent their underage son to work with a stranger at a completely new place (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The defendant would also like to highlight the view taken by the judges in Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40. The judges had stated that in order to establish that the risk of harm was indeed foreseeable or not, the view or notions of a reasonable individual had to be considered (Jade, 2017). No one could have forecasted that James would wander off and eventually die. He was not supposed to leave the place where he was placed. And so, a reasonable person could not have forecasted the death of James. And the psychiatric injury was also not foreseeable on part of a reasonable individual, as the risk of such injury was not present (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The proximity of the relationship, along with the reasonable foreseeability was highlighted by Deane J in Jaensch v Coffey [1984] HCA 52. He stated that to acknowledge that an individual has the capability of predicting, the particular circumstances have to be contemplated. And along with this, the kind of relationship which attracts a lawful duty of acting with reasonable care for the others interest has to be evaluated. So, the foreseeability of harm, in addition to the nature of relationship between the two parties is to be taken as criteria of responsibility (Swarb, 2015). To consider the relationship, the type of work which has been delegated to the employee has to be considered. The defendant agrees that he owed a duty of care towards James, but his duty of care was for the work he was assigned. And if James decided to take off and go somewhere, where he eventually died, cannot be stated as being the breach of duty of care on part of the defendant. This is because the defendant could not have predicted that James would take off like that. The part regarding the psychiatric injury has no legal backing. Even though, in cases of negligence a claim for psychiatric injury can be made. But for that, the elements of negligence have to be satisfied. Here, the duty of care was not present towards the present. And there was no legal relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant. The duty of care which was owed by the defendant was only towards the deceased son of the plaintiff and that too which was reasonable on the basis of quoted cases (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The defendant would also like to show that a psychiatric injury has to be a sudden shock or has to be direct perception, or the immediate aftermath. In this case, the news of disappearance of their son was given to Mr. and Mrs. Annetts in a phased manner and the news of the death was conveyed over a period of time and at a distance. There was nothing immediate or shocking in it, instead it was agonizingly protracted. Starvation and exhaustion is not something which many have witnessed. And so, there has to be a difference in sudden shock which Annetts received, and what such parents received when they saw their son being run down by a motor car. Hence, the defendant would like to conclude that there is both a relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant and the foreseeability of such a loss (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). Decision of the Court In this case, the Court of Appeal of the Supreme Court of Western Australia unanimously dismissed the appeal made by the plaintiff. The judgment, which is considered as a leading one in this regard, was delivered by Ipp J. In his views, before imposing a duty of care over the defendant for the nervous shock suffered by the plaintiff, the same has to be reasonably foreseeable. A normal fortitude was assumed on part of the plaintiff and the normal standards of susceptibility had to be exhibited in order for the plaintiff to develop the stated psychiatric illness. And secondly, a sudden sensory perception has to be resulted from the contravention of duty of care, in both temporal and physical manner on part of the plaintiff. And this had to be present for an event which was deemed as so distressful that the plaintiff would suffer from a psychiatric illness which was recognizable in nature (Allens, 2017). On the basis of these two points, the imposition of duty of care over the defendant in this case was rejected by the Court of Appeals. It was stated by the court that it could not be held as reasonably foreseeable with regards to the normal fortitude which may uphold a claim for such injury, on the basis of simple fact that the child of the plaintiff had died. An ordinary incident of life is loss of a child and a recognized psychiatric injury is a separate aspect and a different class of harm. There was also a failure on part of the plaintiff to show to the satisfaction of the court that there was a physical proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant in the sense of time and space. They believed that a duty of care was not present as the psychiatric injury occurred quite far from the place of accident and even after the accident had taken place. Hence, the plaintiff was required to appreciate that their son had die, without the fault of the defendant. And so, the appeal of the plaintiff was dismissed (Allens, 2017). References Allens. (2017) 2001 Annual Review Of Insurance Law - Duty Of Care, General Tortious And Trade Practices Act Liability. [Online] Allens. Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ari/2001/care.htm [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35; 211 CLR 317; 191 ALR 449; 76 ALJR 1348 (5 September 2002). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/35.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Annetts%20v%20Australian%20Station [Accessed on: 19/05/17] E-Law Resources. (2017) Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 House of Lords. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Federation Press. (2017) Tame v New South Wales Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd. [Online] Federation Press. Available from: https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Tame%20v%20New%20South%20Wales.pdf [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law 2014. 8th ed. Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Health Law Central. (2017) Tame v New South Wales; Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Limited [2002] HCA 35. [Online] Health Law Central. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Jade. (2017) Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd v Australian Competition Consumer Commission Anor [1998] FCA 1571; 90 FCR 40. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=116054 [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Quizlet. (2017) Torts B Lecture #1--Pure Psychiatric Harm. [Online] Quizlet. Available from: https://quizlet.com/45679268/torts-b-lecture-1-pure-psychiatric-harm-flash-cards/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17] Sappideen, C., at al. (2009) Torts, Commentary and Materials. 10th ed. Pyrmont: Lawbook Co, pp. 255-63. Swarb. (2015) Jaensch v Coffey; 20 Aug 1984. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/jaensch-v-coffey-20-aug-1984/ [Accessed on: 19/05/17]

Rexona-It Wont Let You Down. Essay Example

Rexona-It Wont Let You Down. Essay INTRODUCTION My chosen product category is personal care product and the specific brand chosen within that category is Rexona deodorant which eliminates bad body odors. Rexona is a deodorant brand manufactured by Anglo Dutch Company, Unilever. It was developed in 1908 by an Australian pharmacist and his wife. Currently, Rexona has at least 8 lines of deodorant. Each line features a specific quality sought in deodorants. With Rexonas unique body-responsive technology, which releases extra protection as needed, it’s known that this deodorant ‘wont let you down’. Rexona is now one of the most preferred deodorants in the local market due to its effective and efficient marketing mix strategies. One of the major marketing mix strategies is the aggressive promotional mix activities performed by Rexona. Each promotional mix had been undertaken by Rexona in assuring its success in the industry. Rexona did their promotion steps through Advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, Personal Selling and Direct Marketing. However, in completing this assignment, two out of the five promotional mix or tools will be explained in detailed which are the Advertising and Public Relations promotion mix activity. Advertising is any paid form of media communication which includes print ads in magazines, trade journals and newspapers, radio and TV announcements, Web-based visibility-building, and billboards. Through advertising, Rexona publish few TV advertisement, commercials and announcement. Public Relations activities promote a positive image, generate publicity and foster goodwill with the intent of increasing sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Rexona-It Wont Let You Down. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rexona-It Wont Let You Down. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rexona-It Wont Let You Down. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Generating favorable media coverage, hosting special events and sponsoring charitable campaigns are examples of public relations activities undertaken by Rexona. QUESTIONS 1. Describe the content of the ads in terms of message, visual or picture, and sound (if any) (10 marks). The message which the advertisement tries to deliver to it’s audience is that when one has bad body odors, it automatically spoils the environment as shown in the advertisement when all the three girls were having so much fun and suddenly one of them stinks, it stops all the fun and there’s nothing to be proud of being a fun spoiler. Another message from the advertisement is that it boosts the self confidence of a person. Before using Rexona, the girl with the body odors problem need to be persuaded to join the other two to dance but after eliminating the problem with Rexona Teens spray deodorant, she does not to be convinced anymore to join in the fun. This advertisement also sends a message of being happy and healthy teenagers who know how to take care of their body odors are the perfect kind of teenagers also the perfect attitude teenagers should posses. The picture in the advertisement are all very exciting with colorful paintings, settings and decorations which automatically sets the environment of actives teenagers who never dies out of idea to make their live as interesting as possible. Since this particular range of Rexona Teens were aimed on teenage girls, the visual are set to be as kinky as it can possibly be. In a way, the three beautiful girls used in the advertisement shows other viewers that no matter how beautiful or feminine one are, it’s alright to admit that one has body odors problem and find a solution towards the problem. Overall, the advertisement presents very attractive pictures and visuals which easily attract teenagers to stay quietly on the respective channel for the next thirty one seconds. The sound used in the advertisement are a very heart pumping, up to beat kind of music sang by the chicky girls, The Spice Girls title â€Å"If You Wanna Be My Lover†. This particular song totally pumps up the whole advertisement to be as enjoyable as it can possibly be. When the girls were having so much fun, the song shows the type of fun they were experiencing. However, when they smell something stinky, the song which was on the peak of its chorus suddenly stops like a dead end which gives viewers the feeling of dissatisfied with bad odors. When the commentator was talking about the product, the excitement in the song was once again played on thus it brings out the felling of relief for the viewers. 2. Describe the details of media used by the ad campaign (4 marks). The ad campaign used by Rexona is a TV commercial advertisement which was first shown on our local television on April 2007. This particular advertisement had also been shown several times on our local television that is TV3. Most of the time, this advertisement was played repeatedly in between the popular Indonesian drama titled ‘Bawang Merah, Bawang Putih’ which is schedule to every Monday to Thursday from 2. 30pm to 3. 30pm. The advertisement also was seen on TV3 during the ‘That’s So Raven’ show on every Friday at 5. 30pm showing on April 2007 and in between the ‘Lizzie Mc Quire’ show on every Saturday at 9. 00pm starting May 2007. 3. Describe in detail the target audience of the ad campaign (2 marks). The ad campaign is designed to aim and target the active teenagers who always find ways and means to boost their self confidence and self esteem in pursuing their daily life activities. It is also targeted to teenagers with body odors problem to help them solves their misery. The aim is also on young and chicky teenage girls who loves to pampered and feel good of themselves. 4. Discuss why you believe the ad would appeal to the target audience (7 marks). The first reason is on the approach of the advertisement towards its target audience which is the teenagers. The approached used by the advertising members are based on humors which totally clicked with the mind and thinking of teenagers. The advertisement was quiet hilarious that it will keep on playing in their mind thus creates awareness towards the products automatically. On the other hand, the young teenage girls used for the aid resembled beautiful, cheerful, happy, active and smart teenagers which also drives the teenage viewers to copy their doings and don’ts which indirectly gives the idea of to be as hip as they are one should be using Rexona Teens deodorant and not others. The excitement, enjoyment and the vibrant energy that is shown in the advertisement would be good enough to appeal to the teenagers. Drama slot such as ‘Bawang Merah, Bawang Putih’, the ‘Lizzie Mc Quire’ show and ‘That’s So Raven’ are mainly watched by teenagers. During these shows, most of the teenagers are in their most feminine mood and especially after watching all the girlish stuff, personal care product would be the first thing they could think of. Repeating the Rexona Teens advertisement during these types of teenagers genre sitcom is among the beat was to inform the target audience the existence of the product. The multimedia technology used in the advertisement is also appealing to the teenagers as it brings the advertisement to a new era and creates the felling of refreshment and up to date kind of satisfaction. With the video conferencing technology shown in the advertisement, it gives teenagers ideas of another activity that can be done to exhilarate the fun. Thus, whenever these teenagers plans to established their video on the net which most teenagers nowadays do, it gives them the idea of Rexona Teens advertisement. 5. Describe the promotion activity used (4 marks). You may attach any picture or details in the appendix. The promotion activity used by Rexona is public relations. With effective public relations, Rexona can increase sales through favorable, nonpaid media coverage and enhance their companys image. Rexona generate publicity through special events, sponsorships, and community activities. On July 2005, Rexona once again held the Rexona â€Å"No Sweat† Challenge and on that particular year the challenge was a team dance competition. The dance challenge will be translated into a 9 episode reality TV show. The Rexona â€Å"No Sweat Dance Challenge† program will be broadcasted at TV3 from 9th August 2007 onwards, on every Tuesday at 7pm. The dance team will get a chance to show off their dance talent on national TV watched by millions. Public relations build goodwill toward the business by raising Rexona Company’s profile in the public eye. Publicity is considered as free advertising. 6. Discuss the coordination between the advertisement and the promotion activity stated in Question 5 (8 marks). Both the advertising in the form of TV commercials and public relations through Rexona Ultimate Dance Challenge bring out the same message to the audience and the target market. Through effective public relation activities, Rexona manages to build a good name and reputation in the eyes of the society thus, with this strong idea of Rexona instilled in the mind of the society and the enhancement of advertising such as TV commercials, it creates a strong preference of Rexona products to the consumers. It can also be done the other way round which means through the effective advertising effort perform by Rexona and being boost up with the public relations activity tells the consumers the credibility of Rexona Company thus eliminates the skepticism of the society towards Rexona products. The advertisement on TV commercials and The Rexona Ultimate Dance Challenge is both targeted on the younger generation and to be more specifically on the teenagers who love to express their feelings through stuff like dancing and etc. The TV commercial intends to create the awareness and to inform the buyers the existence of the product and sometimes it is also through advertising that the buyer are influences to purchase Rexona product. However, nowadays, consumer are getting smarter and are not easily influenced by advertising strategies and techniques which are paid by the company themselves to promote their product thus, obviously the advertisement will promote the product without a single negative point. Hence, usually this is when other promotional mix activity plays their role indirectly in convincing consumers the reliability of Rexona’s product information as shown in advertisement through public relations. Strong public relations let it be in form of organizing events, sponsorship or community activity, the main objectives is to create the relationship with the society and in a way indirectly asking the society to accept Rexona product. Through organizing big events such as The Rexona Ultimate Dance Competition, Rexona shows the society the level and credibility of the company in organizing such an esteem event. Hence, it established a felling of confidence and loyalty by the consumers towards Rexona Company. Bibliography ?Rexona Ultimate Dance Challenge. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://www. unilever. com. my/ourcompany/newsandmedia/pressreleases/rexona_Ultimatedancechallenge. asp ? Rexona Unilever. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://www. nilever. com/ourbrands/personalcare/Rexona. asp ? How to Established A Promotional Mix. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://www. esmalloffice. com/SBR_template. cfm? DocNumber=PL12_3600. htm ? Rexona. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rexona ? Rexona Teens Bedroom. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Sq_cUGG8bWE ? Malaysia Rexona Commercial. Retrieved on 10th September 2008, from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=EJaoHJYU4mI

Business Leadership in Enron free essay sample

During the expansion plan, the debt acquired by Enron had increased substantially. The reason for this was that by issuing additional debt it would increase the company’s leverage and harm its credit rating. The alternative solution was to seek cash from external investors willing to invest in specific entities. When these entity was created, it could then borrow the capital separately from the sponsor company whilst maintaining Enron’s debt ratio and avoiding it being recorded in the balance sheet. 2. 3The Special Purpose Entities (SPEs)In order to cope with its growing volume of business, Enron needed a mechanism that could borrow an ever increasing amount of money but yet maintained an acceptable debt/equity ratio. Enron succeeded in hiding its debt by resorting to off-balance sheet financing. (Journal of Management Research, 2003a. ). Enron saw a creative use of special-purpose entities (SPEs) similar as that to the â€Å"GasBank†. Enron exploited this immature accounting area which used the SPE as on off-balance sheet item, to keep liabilities and assets of the entities separated from Enron’s statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Leadership in Enron or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The SPEs became a convenient vehicle to unload losing trading contracts and to borrow money from outside for Enron. According to (GAO,2002) â€Å" A business may utilize a SPE for accounting purpose, but these transactions must still be subjected to certain regulations†. (Journal of Management Research, 2003b. ) This was initially a temporary solution for temporary cash flow problems. Enron later used SPE partnership under 3% rule to hide had bets it had made on speculative assets of the partnerships in return for IOU’s backed by Enron stock as collateral (more than $1billion by 2002). In November 1997, Calpers wanted to cash out of JEDI and in order to keep JEDI afloat, Enron needed a new 3% partner. It then created another partnership Chewco to buy out Calper’s stake in JEDI for $383million. (Deakin Konzelmann, 2004) Enron plans to give back short term loan to Chewco to permit tit to to buy out Calper’s stake.

Object and Opt-out on Moral or Religious Grounds

Object and Opt-out on Moral or Religious Grounds Hashtag: #HDPyasambildirgesi (HDP Declaration of Life) Object and Opt-out on Moral or Religious Grounds Non-recognition of the right to conscientious objection is an enduring and highly controversial issue in Turkey and recently, HDP (Haklarm Demokratik Partisi), the country’s leading opposition party promised to legalize it if their candidates win the June 2015 parliamentary election. Conscientious objection or CO according to UN Commission on Human Rights is the right of every individual to object on grounds of conscience but a number of states such as Turkey are unwilling to recognize it as an important human right. Conscience or our sense of right or wrong is in effect the core features of a person’s moral and spiritual identity. Normally, people refused participation or involvement in something because it is against their moral and religious principles.  For example, some people refused to participate in war because of their deeply embedded moral, ethical, or religious belief that killing another human being is wrong. Note that personal code, political, sociological, philosophical, psychological, and other pragmatic reasons are not accepted the basis for a conscientious objection. Students at public or government-subsidized private schools are free to attend religion classes but they can also choose not to and exercise their right to conscientious objection on moral or religious grounds. The right to object is also applicable to a vast range of issues such as oath taking, compulsory patriotic exercises, school curricula, and others that may be easily granted due schools’ obligation to satisfy its neutrality obligation. For instance, a student’s objecting on a culturally impartial and race discriminating curriculum may be allowed to opt-out or exempt him from course requirements. However, similar to conscientious objection to military service, ritual practice, living arrangement, and others, the objection made on moral or religious grounds should pass the test of sincerity. Want to know more? Go here: Womens Right to Education Relieving Students School-Related Stress   Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression Smoking in Public Places Should Be Banned The Misdemeanors of Well-Educated People in Public Office Testing the Sincerity of the Conscience Most educational institutions have formal policies permitting students at all levels to exercise their right to conscientious objection. In medical schools, for instance, students are allowed to use alternatives if testing of certain laboratory animals such as mice, dog, cats, rabbits, and others violates their conscience. In the United States, the right to conscientious objection to dissection in educational projects is guaranteed by law and school policies authorizing teachers to cooperate and develop an acceptable alternative with their students. The right to conscientious objection is potentially vulnerable to abuse such as avoiding the arduous training and danger associated with military service. It is, therefore, necessary to ascertain whether the objection is actually based on conscience rather than personal code or philosophy in life. A student exercising the right to conscientious objection and opting-out of a religious education class must clearly demonstrate that attending such class violates his or her conscience. For instance, the right may be granted if the student is a member of another religious group or verifiable evidence of a religious conviction that receiving religious teaching other than their own preacher or priest is a sin. Similarly, a student’s conscientious objection on racially discriminating and culturally impartial curriculum must be accompanied by strong conviction or proof of sincere and meaningful and enduring belief that is contradictory to that of the curriculum.

The Catholic church did not help the Jewish people during the Essay

The Catholic church did not help the Jewish people during the Holocaust - Essay Example It has been estimated that during the Holocaust approximately nine million Jews occupied Europe but almost two thirds lost their lives through Holocaust. Pope Pius XII was the catholic Pope during the time of the Holocaust1. Various controversies surrounded the position of the Pope in advocating against the Holocaust. The Pope took a more neutral position; he only made statements that condemned the injustices done against humanity, without coming boldly to condemn the Nazis for the massacre. The Pope failed in his authority and demonstrated that the Catholic Church had no firm position on the Holocaust. The Catholic Church’s main representative to the modern age is the Pope, During the Holocaust; Pope Pius XII was besieged to help the Jews to no avail. The Jews were constantly killed throughout every collaborating country in Europe. The Pope has continued to hold a supreme authority and was seen to influence political situations. Around 1941, the Cardinal of Vienna, Cardinal Theodor Innitzer took time to speak with the Pope on the issue of Jews that were deported from Spain to Germany where they were killed. In addition, there was pressure from a delegation from the United States to have the Pope condemn the killings2. However, the Pope took a very undefined position and was not bold and vocal in condemning the attacks. The argument by the Pope was that condemnation of the atrocities would have negative implications on the catholic faithfuls in Germany. This reason made the Pope to take a more neutral position. When a Ukrainian citizen, Andrej Septyckyj wrote to the Pope poi nting out to the ruthless nature of the German government, surprisingly the Pope replied with a verse from the Bible asking Andrej to bear adversity with patience3. There were opportunities for the voice of the church leaders to be heard but the neutrality aspect made the Pope and his cardinals to remain mum. Around 1940,